水加熱器清洗劑清焦作用是通過表面活性劑的增溶、濕潤、吸附、乳化和分散來實現的。以下是奇聯導熱油爐專家(jia)綜合了(le)國內外(wai)的導熱(re)油爐化學清洗技(ji)術列出的幾個方(fang)案(an)。

  ①堿(jian)(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩步(bu)(bu)法工藝(yi)：排(pai)出導(dao)熱(re)油(you)(you)→蒸汽吹掃滯油(you)(you)→堿(jian)(jian)(jian)性清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劑(ji)→水沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→鈍化→完畢(bi)。 原(yuan)理：堿(jian)(jian)(jian)性水基(ji)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劑(ji)對油(you)(you)質(zhi)中溫(wen)積炭處(chu)理效果良好(hao)，但(dan)處(chu)理后試件內壁(bi)仍殘(can)留有致密(mi)石墨化高溫(wen)積炭層，因(yin)此須經過進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)的酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)除(chu)去，以(yi)避免殘(can)留碳層影響導(dao)熱(re)油(you)(you)質(zhi)量及傳熱(re)效果。堿(jian)(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩步(bu)(bu)法清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)工藝(yi)用于熱(re)媒爐(lu)及管道(dao)積炭，具有清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)率高、清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)溫(wen)度較低、無毒、清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)成本低的優點(dian)。該法雖能清(qing)除(chu)垢層，但(dan)工藝(yi)繁多，存在(zai)(zai)著酸(suan)(suan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕，縮短機器壽(shou)命，會(hui)造成二次污染，并且要在(zai)(zai)導(dao)熱(re)油(you)(you)爐(lu)停車的情況下進(jin)行，影響生產。

  ②溶(rong)(rong)解清(qing)洗(xi)法(fa)工藝：排(pai)出導熱油(you)(you)→蒸(zheng)汽吹掃(sao)滯油(you)(you)→有(you)機溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)清(qing)洗(xi)液(有(you)機溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)+SAA+助劑(ji))清(qing)洗(xi)→鈍化(hua)。原理(li)：由于焦炭垢是一種以有(you)機物(wu)(wu)(wu)為主的成分復雜的混合污垢，與金屬表(biao)面的粘附主要是范德(de)華力(li)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)吸附，采用(yong)(yong)“溶(rong)(rong)解洗(xi)滌法(fa)”，將焦油(you)(you)溶(rong)(rong)于有(you)機溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)，隨有(you)機物(wu)(wu)(wu)的溶(rong)(rong)解而自然除去。該清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)的清(qing)洗(xi)能力(li)相(xiang)當(dang)強，受溫度影響不是很(hen)大。該清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)清(qing)洗(xi)后經澄(cheng)清(qing)過(guo)濾處理(li)，再添加(jia)適(shi)量表(biao)面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)和助劑(ji)可重復使用(yong)(yong)。殘渣可摻(chan)入煤(mei)中(zhong)燃燒，既降(jiang)低成本又(you)減(jian)少環(huan)境污染。但該清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)具揮發性(xing)(xing)，安全性(xing)(xing)低，成本高。

  ③復合清(qing)(qing)洗劑清(qing)(qing)洗法工(gong)藝(yi)：排(pai)出導熱油→蒸(zheng)汽吹掃滯油→清(qing)(qing)洗液循環(huan)清(qing)(qing)洗。原理(li)：復合清(qing)(qing)洗劑主(zhu)要(yao)由數種表(biao)面(mian)活性劑在助洗劑的協同作用(yong)下首先在油垢(gou)表(biao)面(mian)吸(xi)附使其潤(run)濕、膨脹而后清(qing)(qing)洗劑滲透到油垢(gou)間隙使油污物在復合清(qing)(qing)洗劑作用(yong)下逐(zhu)漸卷縮成(cheng)膠束不斷(duan)乳化經(jing)泵連(lian)續循環(huan)沖刷可使分散(san)乳化的油污物脫離(li)傳熱表(biao)面(mian)。此(ci)清(qing)(qing)洗劑既能有效(xiao)破(po)碎、分散(san)積炭也能高效(xiao)地溶(rong)解(jie)有機碳氫(qing)化合物工(gong)藝(yi)簡(jian)單基(ji)本(ben)對設備無腐(fu)蝕。但此(ci)法會造成(cheng)二次(ci)污染且(qie)須在停車的情況下進行清(qing)(qing)洗影響(xiang)生產(chan)。水加(jia)熱器